Blockchain-Based Lightweight Multifactor Authentication for Cell-Free in Ultra-Dense 6G-Based (6-CMAS) Cellular Network

Cell-Free mMIMO is a part of technology that will be integrated with future 6G ultra-dense cellular networks to ensure unlimited wireless connectivity and ubiquitous latency-sensitive services. gained researchers’ interest as it offers communication large bandwidth, high throughput, data transmission, greater signal gain. eliminates the idea cell boundary in reduces frequent handover inter-cell interference issues. However, effectiveness current authentication protocol could become serious issue due dynamic nature densely distributed, number users, mobility, exchange. Secondly, secure may achieved such environment at expense overhead, computational costs. To address above security challenges, we proposed lightweight multifactor mutual for using ECC-based Deffie Hellman (ECDH). This scheme utilizes timestamping, one-way hash function, Blind-Fold Challenge public key infrastructure. The cryptosystem integrates blockchain proof staked (POS) consensus mechanism integrity, non-repudiation traceability. can enforce mitigation several major attacks on links spoofing attacks, eavesdropping, user location privacy issues, replay denial service man-in-the-middle (MITM) which one significant features scheme. Furthermore, this contributes reducing authentication, communication, overheads an average 32.8%, 52.4% 53.2% better performance respectively compared baseline protocols.